Crypto assets are taxed differently across countries, depending on how each government views digital assets—as property, currency, commodity, or security. Here's a summary of how major jurisdictions tax cryptocurrencies
🌍 Crypto Taxation by Country
🇺🇸 United States
- Tax Authority: IRS
- View: Crypto is property.
Taxes:
- Capital Gains Tax: On selling, trading, or spending crypto.
- Income Tax: On mining, staking, airdrops, or salary in crypto.
- Key Rule: Must report all transactions; even crypto-to-crypto trades are taxable.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
- Tax Authority: HMRC
- View: Crypto is property, not currency.
Taxes:
- Capital Gains Tax (CGT): When you sell/trade/dispose.
- Income Tax: On mining, staking, or when received as salary.
- Allowance: £3,000 CGT tax-free threshold (as of 2025).
🇨🇦 Canada
- Tax Authority: CRA
- View: Crypto is a commodity.
Taxes:
- Capital Gains: For personal investing (50% of gain is taxable).
- Business Income Tax: If trading frequently (taxed at full rate).
- Mining: Could be business income or hobby (case-by-case).
🇦🇺 Australia
- Tax Authority: ATO
- View: Crypto is property.
Taxes:
- Capital Gains Tax: On disposals.
- Income Tax: For business use, mining, or receiving crypto for work.
- Exemption: Small personal use (<$10,000) may be CGT-free.
🇩🇪 Germany
- Tax Authority: BMF
- View: Private money.
Taxes:
- Capital Gains: Tax-free if held > 1 year.
- Income Tax: On mining/staking (if professional).
- Very crypto-friendly for long-term holders.
🇸🇬 Singapore
- Tax Authority: IRAS
- View: Not legal tender; crypto is a barter item.
Taxes:
- No Capital Gains Tax.
- Business Income Tax: If trading or operating a business.
- Favorable jurisdiction for investors.
🇮🇳 India
- Tax Authority: CBDT
- View: Treated as virtual digital assets.
Taxes:
- 30% flat tax on gains from crypto transactions.
- 1% TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) on every trade.
- No deductions allowed except cost of acquisition.
🇦🇪 UAE (Dubai)
- Tax Authority: FTA (Free Zones vary)
- View: Varies; generally tax-free in crypto zones.
Taxes:
- No income or capital gains tax in designated free zones (e.g., DMCC).
- Business licensing still required.